Salvia Divinorum Scotland - Government

<body stylesrc="../../../technical/backgroundformywords.htm" background="../../../technical/leafwords.jpg" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" text="#003300" link="#0000FF" vlink="#000080" alink="#800080"> <p align="center"><font size="5" color="#008000">Salvia Divinorum Scotland ~ Media Coverage / Government</font> <hr> <p><strong><font size="4">H.R.5607</font></strong></p> <blockquote> <p>I took the liberty of copying Daniel Siebert's fine letter to Congress regarding bill HR5607 - Joe Bacca's unsuccessful attempt from 2002 to get a national (US) ban on Salvia divinorum. I've so far forwarded it to: Senator Karen Peterson (Delaware), Senator T (Alaska) and...</p> <p>I included the following introduction...</p> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I don’t know if you will be aware of the contents of the following letter to Congress originally sent by Daniel Seibert with regard to US Representative Joe Baca’s unsuccessful attempt to outlaw Salvia divinorum (Congress bill HR 5607). In any case, I copy its content below.  I believe the points may be just as relevant to your own concerns...</span></font></p> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">from <a href="http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/drug_policy/Daniel_Siebert_salvia_letter.html" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline"> http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/drug_policy/Daniel_Siebert_salvia_letter.html</a></span></font></p> <p><b><font face="Verdana" size="3"> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">A Prominent <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia Divinorum</span></i> Researcher Speaks Out: Letter to Congress</span></font></b></p> <p><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">RE: Bill H.R. 5607</span></font></p> <p><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Dear Honorable Member of Congress:</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">This letter summarizes the important medicinal properties of <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> and its primary active constituent salvinorin A. It also puts forth several objections to bill H.R. 5607, which inappropriately seeks to place this medicinal herb in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">As a pharmacognosist who has devoted the last ten years to the scientific study of this herb, I believe that I am particularly qualified to speak on this issue. I was the first person to investigate the human pharmacology of salvinorin A and to clearly identify this compound as the psychoactive principle of <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum </span></i>(Siebert, 1994). Most recently, I coauthored a paper published in <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS),</span></i> in which my research group reported our findings regarding the neurological mechanism of salvinorin A’s action. These findings are of particular significance because they provide solid evidence for the medicinal value of this compound. I am currently working in collaboration with several other scientists on various avenues of scientific investigation into the pharmacology of salvinorin A and closely related compounds. My collaborators include Dr. Bryan Roth (<font color="black"><span style="COLOR: black">Project Director of the National Institute for Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program) </span></font>and Dr. <font color="black"> <span style="COLOR: black">Michael J. Iadarola (Chief of the Neuronal Gene Expression Unit at the Pain and Neurosensory Mechanisms Branch of the National Institute for Health). In addition to my scientific endeavors, I am presently completing work on a comprehensive book about <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i>.</span></font></span></font></p> <h4 style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><b> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Medical properties</span></font></b></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">There are approximately one thousand species of <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia </span></i> worldwide. <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> is just one of the many species that are recognized for their useful medicinal properties. The common name for all salvias is <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">sage.</span></i> Most people are familiar with the common culinary sage, <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia officinalis,</span></i> which in addition to its usefulness as a flavoring agent, is also used for its medicinal properties.<i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span></i>The genus name <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia</span></i> is derived from the Latin <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">salvare</span></i>, meaning “to heal” or “to save.” The words <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> salvation</span></i> and <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">savior </span> </i>also come from this same root.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <i><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Salvia divinorum</span></font></i><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> is endemic to the Mazatec Sierra of central Mexico, where it has a long history of medicinal use. It is used both for its psychoactive properties and as an effective treatment for arthritis, headache, and eliminatory complaints. The validity of each of these different applications is well supported by my research group’s recent pharmacological findings.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">To summarize our recent findings: Salvinorin A is a uniquely potent and highly selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, and as such, it has tremendous potential for the development of a wide variety of valuable medications. The most promising of these include safe non-addictive analgesics, antidepressants, short-acting anesthetics that do not depress respiration, and drugs to treat disorders characterized by alterations in perception, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and bipolar disorder (Roth <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">et al.,</span></i> 2002).</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <tt style="font-family: Courier New"><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Kappa-opioid receptor agonists are of particular interest to pharmacologists because they provide effective pain medications that are not habit forming and do not produce dependence. In fact, there is a growing body of evidence that indicates that kappa-opioid receptor agonists are actually “aversive”—the opposite of addictive. This is an important advantage over most powerful analgesics currently prescribed. My colleagues and I will soon be publishing a paper that reports the results of animal studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of salvinorin A as an analgesic (Chavkin <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">et al., </span></i>in press). </span></font></tt><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">In my book I describe many case reports in which people testify to the effectiveness of this herb for managing pain. </span></font><tt style="font-family: Courier New"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">The </span></font></tt> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">traditional Mazatec use of <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> to treat headaches and arthritis also attests to its efficacy as an analgesic.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <tt style="font-family: Courier New"><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">The ability of salvinorin A to block perception of pain also suggests that it may prove quite useful as a short-acting general anesthetic. The fact that it does not depress respiration is particularly interesting, because it indicates that salvinorin A could be much safer than most general anesthetics currently in use.</span></font></tt></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <tt style="font-family: Courier New"><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Recently Dr. Karl Hanes published a case report in the </span></font></tt><i> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, i</span></font></i><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">n which </span></font><tt style="font-family: Courier New"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">he describes a patient that obtained relief from chronic depression by using <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum </span></i>(Hanes, 2001). In my book I describe several additional accounts of people who have recovered from serious depression with the help of this herb. </span></font></tt> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">It is especially interesting that these people were able to obtain persistent relief from their depression after only a few treatments. Quite unlike the continuous medication regime required with conventional antidepressants such as Prozac—which in most cases only offer symptomatic relief from depression—</span></font><tt style="font-family: Courier New"><i><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Salvia divinorum</span></font></i></tt><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> often produces long-lasting clinical improvement.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Because salvinorin A alters various perceptual modalities by acting on kappa-opioid receptors, it is clear that these receptors play a prominent role in the modulation of human perception. This suggests the possibility that novel psychotherapeutic compounds derived from salvinorin A could be useful for treating diseases manifested by perceptual distortions (e.g. schizophrenia, dementia, and bipolar disorders). This is a promising area of research that is important to pursue further.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <i><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Salvia divinorum</span></font></i><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> has several properties that make it useful in psychotherapy: it produces a state of profound self-reflection, it improves one’s ability to retrieve childhood memories, and it provides access to areas of the psyche that are ordinarily difficult to reach. I have spoken with several psychotherapists who have used this herb in their practice. They are impressed with its effectiveness as a psychotherapeutic tool. This type of application is not new—the Mazatecs have long used <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> to treat psychological complaints.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Salvinorin A is also an important neurochemical probe for studying the dynorphin/kappa-opioid-receptor system. As such, it is useful for </span></font> <tt style="font-family: Courier New"><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">research into the </span> </font></tt><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">n</span></font><tt style="font-family: Courier New"><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">eurological mechanisms of perception and awareness.</span></font></tt><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </span></font><tt style="font-family: Courier New"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Salvinorin A is remarkable in that it belongs to an entirely different chemical class than any previously identified opioid receptor ligand (it is a diterpenoid). This fact is of great interest to pharmacologists because it opens</span></font></tt><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </span></font><tt style="font-family: Courier New"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">up a vast new area for future drug development.</span></font></tt><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </span></font></p> <h4 style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><b> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">No significant abuse potential</span></font></b></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">There are many popular misconceptions about <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i>. Presumably, bill H.R. 5607 is based on some these. Many of these misconceptions have their origin in a few sensationalistic articles that have appeared in the popular press, and others derive from the absurd advertising claims of unethical herb vendors who deliberately exaggerate the effects of <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> in an effort to increase sales. </span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">The fact is that the effects of <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> are not appealing to recreational drug users. The majority of people who try it find that they do not enjoy its effects and do not continue using it. People who use it medicinally take it infrequently. It is not euphoric or stimulating. It is not a social drug. Since it increases self-awareness, it is useless as an escapist drug. </span></font> <tt style="font-family: Courier New"><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">It is most useful as a medicinal herb.</span></font></tt></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <tt style="font-family: Courier New"><i><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Salvia divinorum</span></font></i><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> is not addictive or habit forming. Its mechanism of action indicates that it may actually be anti-addictive. Many people have reported that <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> actually helped them to overcome substance abuse problems.</span></font></tt></p> <h4 style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><b> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Safety</span></font></b></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <i><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Salvia divinorum</span></font></i><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> is non-toxic. Toxicological studies have been performed by Dr. Leander Valdés at the University of Michigan, Jeremy Stewart at the University of Mississippi, Dr. Frank Jaksch of Chromadex Inc., and </span></font> <tt style="font-family: Courier New"><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Wayne Briner of the University of Kansas.</span></font></tt><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> Neither <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> nor salvinorin A showed toxicity in any of these studies. There is a vast body of empirical evidence that indicates <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> is a remarkably safe herb. Indeed, the Mazatecs, who have probably used <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">S. divinorum</span></i> for hundreds of years, do not attribute any toxic properties to this plant.</span></font></p> <h4 style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><b> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Conclusions</span></font></b></h4> <p><i><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Salvia divinorum</span></font></i><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> is a relatively obscure medicinal herb with no significant abuse potential. It does not present a risk to public health or safety. Criminalizing it would only serve to create a problem where one did not previously exist. The regulation of herbal medicines such as this is a matter that should be handled by the FDA, not the Controlled Substances Act.</span></font></p> <p><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">There is no reasonable justification for making <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia</span></i> <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">divinorum</span></i> a controlled substance. Placing it in schedule I would deprive people of a safe and useful medicinal herb, and it would seriously hamper promising medical research. Because of its complex stereochemistry, salvinorin A is virtually impossible to produce synthetically. It is important that its source plant, <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia</span></i> <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">divinorum</span></i>, remain available so that researchers can continue to study this important compound. </span></font></p> <p><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Evidently, this bill is based on inaccurate information about <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> Salvia</span></i> <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">divinorum</span></i>. Schedule I is intended for substances that have a high potential for abuse, a lack of accepted safety, and no currently accepted medical use. <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia</span></i> <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">divinorum</span></i> does not meet any of these criteria.</span></font></p> <p><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </span></font></p> <p><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Sincerely,</span></font></p> <p><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Daniel J. Siebert</span></font></p> <h4 style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><b> <font face="Verdana" size="2"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">References:</span></font></b></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <b><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Siebert, Daniel J.</span></font></b><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Divine Sage. </span></i>Work in progress.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <b><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Chavkin, Charles, Sumit Sud, Wenzhen Jin, Jeremy Stuart, Daniel J. Siebert, Sean Renock, Karen Baner,Nicole M. White, John Pintar and Bryan L. Roth.<sup>.</sup></span></font></b><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> Paper in progress.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <b><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Roth, Bryan L., Karen Baner, Richard Westkaemper, Daniel Siebert, Kenner C. Rice, SeAnna Steinberg, Paul Ernsberger, and Richard Rothman.</span></font></b><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> 2002. Salvinorin A: A Potent, Naturally Occurring, Non-Nitrogenous κ-Opioid Selective Agonist. <i><font color="black"> <span style="COLOR: black; FONT-STYLE: italic">Proceedings of the </span> </font></i></span></font><i><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: black; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (</span></font><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">PNAS). </span></font></i><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Vol. 99, Issue 18, 11934-11939.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <b><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Hanes, K. R.</span></font></b><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> 2001. Antidepressant Effects of the Herb <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> Salvia divinorum:</span></i> A Case Report. <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. </span></i> 21(6):634-635.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <b><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Gruber, John W., Daniel J. Siebert, Ara H. Der Marderosian, </span></font></b> <font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">and<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"> Rick S. Hock.</span></b> 1999. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Quantification of Salvinorin A from Tissues of <i> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> Epling & Játiva-M. <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Phytochemical Analysis. </span></i> 10(1):22-25.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <b><font face="Verdana" size="1"> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Siebert, Daniel J.</span></font></b><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> 1994. <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Salvia divinorum</span></i> and salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings. <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> Journal of Ethnopharmacology</span></i> 43: 53-56.</span></font></p> <p> </p> </blockquote> <hr> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="21%"> <p align="left"><a href="index.htm"><Back to Brett's Law</a></td> <td valign="top" width="16%"> <p align="left"><a href="../index.htm">Government</a></td> <td valign="top" width="17%"> <p align="center"><a href="../../index.htm">Media Stories</a></td> <td valign="top" width="16%"> <p align="center"><a href="../../../menu2.htm">Menu 2</a></td> <td valign="top" width="16%"> <p align="center"><a href="../../../home.htm">Main Menu</a></td> <td valign="top" width="14%"> <p align="right"><a href="../../../contact/index.htm" title="contact details and links to information on salvia prices and availability">Contact</a></td> </tr> </table> </body>